For ancient, rare, and Greek forms (which are here omitted), see entries for the individual declensions. The regular case endings of the five declensions are as follows. Note: The accusative can also end in -ūn or -ōn, like Dīdō with accusative Dīdūn. Case Endings of the Five Declensions Rules of Noun Declension 1st Declension: Stem, Paradigm, and Gender 39. tive/nominative/accusative singular and plural (therefore, with neuters only forms of these cases are exemplified in Table 1). The distinction is no longer seen as salient, but classifying the otherwise indeclinable paradigm with genitive in -ūs as fourth-declension is consistent with the general practice of distinguishing declension based on the genitive singular ending.Įxamples of this category: Aëllō, Allēctō ( Alēctō), Argō, Brīmō, Callistō, Calypsō, Celaenō, Cētō, Chariclō, Clīō, Clōthō ( Clōtō), Dīdō, Drȳmō, Ēchō, Enȳō, Eratō, Erichthō, Hērō ( Erō), Īō, Īnō, Lātō, Lētō, Mantō, Melanthō, Pērō, Polyxō, Pȳthō, Sapphō, Theānō, Tȳrō, Xanthō Latin uses the ablative case to express the agent used with a passive verb form and makes a distinction which English does not: if the agent is a person, 'by' is expressed in Latin with the preposition a/ab + an ablative object and the construction is called 'personal agent. Returning now to case forms, we saw just above that Latin ablative singular. Traditionally, it is the sixth case (csus sextus, csus latnus). dative singular case ending which for most nouns differs from the ablative. Nouns derived from Greek feminine proper nouns in -ω (genitive -ους).ġ9th-century grammars often treat this type under the third declension, and alternative third-declension Latin suffixes are attested for some (e.g. But youll notice that the ending -a can be first, second or third declension nominative, vocative, accusative or ablative case and feminine or neuter. There are six main cases for Latin nouns - nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative and vocative. The endings of the second declension are: singular nominative -us genitive -i dative -o accusative -um ablative -o plural nominative -i genitive -orum dative -is accusative -os ablative -is Sample Declension of a 2nd Declension Masculine Noun: Somnus, - i, m. In Latin grammar, the ablative case (csus abltvus) is one of the six cases of nouns. The dative-ablative plural -ibus may appear less commonly as -ubus.Įxamples Masculine or feminine -us form Case Latin words of the fourth declension are generally masculines or, less commonly, feminines in -us and neuters in -ū.
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